Apparatus for offense or defense against submerged or partially submerged obstructions



C. D. BURNEY.

APPARATUS FOR OFFENSE 0R DEFENSE AGAINST SUBMERGED 0H PARTIALLYSUBMEBGED OBSTRUCTIONS. APPLICATION min SEPT- I8, 1911.

1,400,21 1, Patented Dec. 13, 1921.

II SHEETS-SHEET I.

fmvnfor- T C. D. BURNEY.

APPARATUS FOR OFFENSE 0R DEFENSE AGAINST SUBMERGED 0R PARTIALLYSUBMEBGED OBSTRUCTIONS.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT-18, l9l1- A Patented Dec. 13, 1921.

H SHEETS-SHEET 2.

r I n vemfor.

C. D. BURNEY.

APPARATUS FOR OFFENSE OR DEFENSE AGAINST SUBMERGED 0R PARTIALLYSUBMERGED OBSTRUCTIONS APPLICATION FILED SEPT- I8. 1911.

1,400,21 1, Patented Dec. 13, 1921.

H SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Fae. l8.

35 3 II x C. D. BURNEY. APPARATUS FOR OFFENSE 0R DEFENSE AGAINSTS'UBMERGED on PARTIALLY SUBMEBGED oasmucnons. APPLICATHHI FILED SEPT.HI, l9"- 1 ,400,21 1 Patented D00. 13, 1921.

I1 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

FIG. 2|.

I nmmqr.

C. D. BURNEY. APPARATUS FOR OFFENSE 0R DEFENSE AGAINST SUBMERGED 0RPARTIALLY EBGED Q STRUCTIONSI APPLICATION FILED SEPT. I8. IQIT. ,4 1Patented Dec. 13, 1921.

H SHEETS-SIIEET 5.

:pIIIi lIW/l/l/l/ 11/ I WI! I Hi -45%! Inm ntor.

C. D. BURNEY. APPARATUS FOR OFFENSE 0R DEFENSE AGAINST SUBMERGED 0RPARTIALLY SUBMERGED OBSTRUCTIONS. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 18, 1911.

1,400,21 1', Patented Dec. 13, 1921.

I? SHEETS-SHEET 6,

.AnPAimus ma OFFENSE on DEFENSE AGA Patented Dec. 13, 1921.

H SHTS-SHEET 1- FIG. 29. E

C. D. BURNEY.

INST SUBMEHGED 0R PARTIALL APPLICATION FILEDVSEPT. I8, 1911.

lgg. I88 I I86 I82. 7 44 Y SUBMERGED OBSTHUCTIONS.

C. D. BURNEY. NST SUBMERGED 0R PARTIALLY SUBME RGED OBSTRUCTIONS.

APPARATUS FOR OFFENSE 0R DEFENSE AGM APPLICATION FILED SEPT. I8, l9! 7-Patented D00; 13, 1921.

II SHEETS-SEEN 8- C. D. BURNEY. APPARATUS FOR OFFENSE 0R DEFENSE AGAINSTSUBMERGED 0R PARTIALLY SUBMEHGED OBSTRUCTIONS.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 8,-1917- 1 1,400,21 1. Patented Dev. 13, 1921.

I? SHEETS-SHEET 9.

Inventor Fle.as.

C. D. BURNEY. MPARATUS FOR OFFENSE 0R DEFENSE AGAINST SUBMERGED 0RPARTIALLY SUBMERGED APPLICATION FILED SEN. IH. 191?.

1,400,211. Patented Dec. 13, 1921.

I? SHEETS-SHEET I0.

FIG 42.

o e a 141.

OBSTRUQTIONS.

C. D. BURNEY. APPARATUS FOR OFFENSE 0R DEFENSE AGAINST SUBMEBGED 0RPARTIALLY SUBMEHGED OBSTRU CTIONS.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 18, NH?- Patented Dec. 13, 1921.

H SHEETS-SHEET II.

FIG. 43.

J L T -l Inventor.

APPLICATION HLED SEPT- IB, I9Il- 1,400,21 1; Patented Dec. 13, 1921.

I7 SHEETS-SHEET l2.

Fl .45.- I

lam r1 W @Q I i i;-

C. D. BURNEY. APPARATUS FOR OFFENSE 0R DEFENSE AGAINST SUEMERGED 0RPARTIA APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 18, I9!!- 1,400,21 1 Patented Dec. 13,1921.

I? SHEETS-SHEET I 3- LLY SUBMERGED UBSTRUCTIONS.

C. D.BURNEY.

APPARATUS FOR OFFENSE 0R DEFENSE AGAINST SUBMERGED 0R PARTIALL YSUBMERGED OBSTRUCTIONS.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 18, Hill.

Patented Dqe. 13, 1921.

IT SHEETS-SHEET l4- FIG. 54-.

Inventor.

Patented Dec. 13, 1921.

n sumsfsuicr 1s FIG-55.

Patented Dec. 13, 1921.

17 SHEETS-SHEET 16- C. D. BURNEY.

APPARATUS FOR OFFENSE 0R DEFENSE AGAINST SUBMERGED OR PARTIALLY SUBMERAPPLICATION FILED SEPT. 18. 191'.

GED DESTRUOTIONS- Patented 1m 13, 1921.

In I] SHEETS-SHEET J1- Hi a I n'ventar.

CHARLES DENNIS TON BURNEY, 0F ALRESFORD, ENGLAND.

APPARATUS FOR OFFENSE OR DEFENSE AGAINST SUBllLERG-ED OR PARTIALLY SUB-MERGED OBSTRUCTIONS.

Application filed September 18, 1917. Serial Specification of LettersPatent.

Patented Dec. 13, 1921. No. 192,018.

(GRANTED UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF THE ACT OF MARCH 3, 1921, 41 STAT. L,1318.)

To all whom it may Concern.

Be it known that I, CHARLES DENNISTON BURNEY. a subject of the King ofGreat Britain, residing at Dean Holme, Kilmeston, Alresford, in thecounty of Hants, England, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Apparatus for Oflense or Defense Against Submer ed orPartially Submerged Obstructions, for which I have tiled application forLetters Patent of (treat Britain June first, 1915, Patent No. 8,117,) ofwhich the following is a specitication.

Hitherto various devices have been suggested or employed for use againstsubmarine vessels or mines. For attacking submerged submarines chargedbodies sweeps have been towed from the attacking vessels, the chargesbeing fired when the body or towing cable of the same is in contact withthe submarine, or the charge is thought to be in the vicinity of thesame. The results obtained from the use of such sweeps, however, havenot been so successful as is desirable. For protecting ships againstmines. various forms of water kites have been employed but theprotection so afforded has not been altogether satisfactory.

My invention relates to apparatus for use as a weapon of offense ordefense against submerged or partly submerged vessels, or obstructionssuch as submarine mines, and has for its object the provision of a newor improved form of apparatus which fulfils in a more efiicient mannerthe requirements which have now arisen with the latest developments ofnaval warfare.

My invention consists in an apparatus so constructed that when towedfrom a point which may be above, below, or on the surface of a fluid, orwhen moored in a fluid having a translational movement, the apparatuswill, as a whole. take a predetermined angle from the vertical, and willkeep such predetermined angle at all speeds of the apparatus and fluidrelatively to each other within predetermined limits.

MY invention further consists in providing such an apparatus with meanswhereby it cah be used to damage or destroy submerged or partlysubmerged vessels or obstructions.

My invention further consists ing such an larly for use in tide-ways.

My invention further consists in modifying or adapting such an apparatusso as to be applicable as a mine-sweeping device for ships whereby minesin the path of the ship are swept aside and are prevented from makingcontact with the hull of the ship which would cause the explosion of thethe mine-sweeping apparatus being provided or not as desired with meansment with the mine, and being carried along by the apparatus, with meansfor keeping the point of attachment of any towing member away from thehull at a desired distance which is particularly desirable in members atthe bow.

lily invention further consists in an apparatus which will tow out fromthe fore and aft line of a ship and which may be combined with anapparatus as referred to above whereby the latter apparatus is made totravel at a greater horizontal distance away from the fore and aft lineof the towing vessel, or may be used to support a suitable protectingmeans against torpedo attack.

My invention further consists in a sweeping device for use againstsubmarines, and which can be supplied as a self-contained unit or unitsto ships thereby to form a permanent or temporary addition to theirarmament.

My invention further consists of a sys tem of firing for use with towedcharges whereby the charge can be fired in any one of three ways: (1)Automatically by direct impact upon a resisting object such as asubmerged submarine: (2) automatically by the tension in the towingcable or like member exceeding a predetermined amount, due to anobstruction to the passage of the towed charge being met with; (3) atany moment the charge is in the water at the will of the controlofficer.

My invention further consists in an improved form of dynamometer firinggear for use with towed charges.

My invention further consists in an improved means for insuring that thedetonators for high explosives commonly used in submarine weapons areautomatically inserted in the firing position on the weapon entering thewater, but which when the weapon is leaving the water eifects thedisplacement of the detonators from the firing position.

My invention further consists in an improved depth recorder for use intowed charges.

My invention further consists in a winch specially suited for use withtowed charges.

My invention further consists in an improved construction ofdropping-davit which is applicable generally for lowering or raisincharged bodies.

i y invention further consists in the details of construction and in thearrangement and operation of the parts hereinafter described.

Before describing the constructional details of the apparatus embodyingmy invention, certain basic principles underlying and governing suchapparatus will now he die cussed with reference to Figures 1 to 13 ofthe accompanying drawings in which :-Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic viewshowing the forces brought into operation when a body according to thisinvention is towed by a vessel.

Fig. 2 is a view illustrating how, with a given towing wire, the depthat which the body travels depends upon the construction and arrangementof the body.

Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate bodies with depressinr planes but with theparts symmetricadly and asymmetrically arranged.

Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate how with bodies as shown in Figs. 3 and 4 thebuoyancy couple of the body may be considered as a weight below the axisof the body.

Flgs. 7, 9 and 10 illustrate bodies with the weights of the shaded partsarranged in dilferent ways.

Figs. 8 and 11 illustrate bodies with an asymmetrical plane, and a lighttail respectively.

Fig. 12 illustrates a towed body provided with a plane with the point oftow not passing through the center of pressure of the plane, and

Fig. 13 illustrates the forces called into play when towing a bodyprovided with planes, and adapted to run on the surface of the water.

Fig. 14 is a diagrammatic view looking toward the stern of the vesselfitted with a stern and beam apparatus applicable for sweeping forsubmarines.

Fig. 15 is a birdseye view of the same; Fig. 16 is a similar View toFig. 15 but on a larger scale showing the use of the stern sweep only,and the position of the winches and the dropping davits with the chargedtorpedo held therein. The above three figures are for illustrationpurposes only and are not for showing any constructional details.

Figs. 17 and 17 show the general arrangement of a charged torpedoaccording to my invention.

Fig. 18 shows on a larger scale the head of the charged torpedo laidopen, and certain features in detail.

Figs. 19 and 20 are respectively part section and plan views showing themethod of carrying and ballasting the depressing plane.

Figs. 21 and 22 are part sectional elevation and plan of the body andtail of the charge torpedo.

Figs. 23 and 24; are sectional elevation and plan views of the depthindicating ap paratus for towed bodies.

Figs. 25 and 26 are front and side eleva tion of the'bonnet of thecharged torpedo, and part of the firing gear.

Figs. 27 and 28 are the side and front elevation of the detonatorwithdrawing and inserting gear.

Fig. 29 is a horizontal section of a casing for the detonators adaptedto keep the primer or like explosive watertight.

Fig. 30 is a plan view of a spare detonator carrier in a suitable box.

Fig. 31 is a view showing the general arrangement of the winch,according to my invention.

Figs. 32 and 33, are views showing the details of a pawl disengaginggear for the winch.

Fig. 34 is an elevation of the dynamometer gear carried by the winch.

Figs. 35, 36 and 37 are views of an indi cator gear to register veeredfrom the winch.

Fig. 38 is an elevation showing the general arrangement of the droppingdavit according to my invention.

Figs. 39, 40 and 41 are detailed views of: the dropping gear for thedavit, such details being employed in naval service davits fortorpedoes, and forming no part of this invention.

Fig. i2 is a diagrammatic view of the firing switchboard. mounted in aconvenient part of the ship such as the forebridge.

Fig. 43 is an elevation of the interior of a push for an ammeter.

Fig. 4.4 is a top plan view thereof with the cover removed.

Figs. 45 and 46 the amount of wire are side elevation and and 51 areside and front elevadynamometer switch.

and 53 are two views at right the arrangement of the Figs. 57, 58 and 59are respectively front and end elevations and plan view of the form ofsurface torpedo according to my invention.

Figs. 60 and 61 are front and end elevations of another form of surfacetorpedo.

Figs. 62 and 63 are diagrammatic views ilustrating the use of myinvention for mine protection or mine sweeping.

Figs. 64 and 65 are plan and part vertical section of one form of bodyused for this purpose.

Figs. 66 and 67 are end elevations looking toward the nose and tail ofthis tor pedo respectively.

In order that an apparatus should fulfil efficiently practicalrequirements it is essential that it should keep at a constant depth forany variation of speed and alteration of course these requirements notbeing met with in the forms of sweeps and kites hitherto employed orsuggested.

In all towed bodies provided with hydroor like surfaces, the depth whichthe body wi ll reach depends upon the depressing power of. the plane onthe one hand, and on the total drag or resistance to movement in thedirection of motion on the other hand.

Consider the case of a body provided with a depressing plane and towedfrom a ship so that the direction of motion is along the line P Fig. lwhich is parallel to the fore and aft line of the ship and verticallybeneath it. he resultant dynamic reaction on the depressing plane is sayin the direction shown by the arrow A. is reaction can be resolved intotwo components B and C re sncttivel x at right angles to the line UP andalong or parallel to the line 0P. Th 7 also the resistance or drag D ofthe body to movement in the direction OP. U for the time being theeffect of a towing member. the force parallel to the direction of motionis (7+1). he forces at right angles to and along the direction of motionare known respectively as lift and drag or drift. it being observed thatwith a de pressing plane the lift is in a negative or downwarddirection.

le therefore the and the angle In the above exam lift/drift ratio willbe C+D which the towing member will take up relativel to the body whenin a position ibrium will depend upon this lift/drift ratio alone.

Considering now the force on the towing member due to its movementthrough the water and tion for this section will of equi tworespectively at right of motion and along G and H be the resultants ofthese two sets of components for the whole length of the towing member.The total lift will therefore be the algebraic sum of the forces B-l-Gand the total drift will be the algeraic sum of the forces C+D+H. Inthis B G case the lift/drift ratio will be 0 D +H the angle of thetowing member to the body will depend upon this ratio.

It will be evident that the value of the lift/drift ratio of the body asa whole and consequently the angle of the towing member to the bodydepends upon two sets of quantities, each set capable of varyingindependently.

Therefore, with any given towing her the lift/drift ratio and the anglereferred depend upon the const parts and weights of while, with a givenbody the lift/drift ratio will depend upon the dimensions of the towingmember. With a given towing member the angle will be a maximum when thelift/drift ratio has a. maximum value, so that the maximum depth towhich a bod or tend to run when towed under pend upon the maximum valueof this lift/drift ratio.

The lift/drift ratio is governed chiefly by e characteristics of thebody as a whole. The lift/drift ratio will depend upon its such aslength of t hord of the contour of the cidence. It is obvious thatlength of the plane to the-length of the chord of the transverse sectionwhich known as the aspect ratio, will largely govcm the efiiciency ofthe plane, and there is always a maximum practical value of this aspectratio governed by considerations of weight and strength.

The drift of a it is of a. stream-line form such as torpedo shaped.

the lift/drift It is therefore clear that ratio of the body has itspractical maximum value when it is constructed of stream-line

